The context of people’s lives determine their health, and so blaming individuals for having poor health or crediting them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are unlikely to be able to directly control many of the determinants of health. These determinants—or things that make people healthy or not—include the above factors, and many others:

Income & Social Status

higher income and social status are linked to better health. The greater the gap between the richest and poorest people, the greater the differences in health.

Education

low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress and lower self-confidence.

Physical Environment

safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities and roads all contribute to good health. Employment and working conditions – people in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working conditions.

Social Support Networks

greater support from families, friends and communities is linked to better health. Culture - customs and traditions, and the beliefs of the family and community all affect health.

Gender

Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different ages.

Health Services

access and use of services that prevent and treat disease influences health

Genetics

inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses. Personal behavior and coping skills – balanced eating, keeping active, smoking, drinking, and how we deal with life’s stresses and challenges all affect health.